StarkWare has deployed its next-generation, open-source S-two prover on the Starknet mainnet, describing it as the world’s fastest and most privacy-ready proof system in production.
The upgrade replaces the network’s previous proving components and now generates validity proofs for every block, cutting proving time and verification costs while improving throughput and scalability without sacrificing trustlessness. It also allows independent operators to contribute computing resources, strengthening the network’s censorship resistance.
In Layer 2 systems like Starknet, provers generate cryptographic proofs that attest to the correctness of off-chain transactions before final settlement on the base layer, ensuring security while reducing onchain computation and cost.
S-two, short for “STARK Two,” produces zero-knowledge proofs up to ten times faster than prior systems, StarkWare said in a statement shared with The Block. By lowering proving costs and increasing block capacity, the upgrade enables workloads that were previously uneconomic, such as real-time trading engines, zkML inference, and onchain interactions that demand sub-second responsiveness, the company added.
Proving on consumer hardware and advancing Starknet’s Bitcoin ambitions
A key feature of S-two is its ability to run efficiently on consumer hardware, allowing users to generate private proofs directly from laptops, phones, and browsers without relying on centralized data centers.
StarkWare said this makes privacy practical at scale, enabling users to prove facts such as their age, credentials, or transaction intent without revealing sensitive data, while opening up new applications, such as private DeFi, anonymous identity, verifiable AI, and zk-secured games.
“We built S-two with one clear objective: improve user experience on Starknet,” StarkWare co-founder and CEO Eli Ben-Sasson said. “When proofs are this fast and cost-efficient, new categories of applications become feasible and decentralization stops being aspirational and now becomes inspirational as theory becomes reality.”
The launch also builds on StarkWare’s ongoing strategy to expand Starknet’s scope beyond Ethereum and toward scaling and building a “financialization layer” for Bitcoin. Earlier this year, the company established a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, introduced BTC staking and yield initiatives under its BTCFi program, and outlined plans to make Starknet the first Layer 2 to settle on both Bitcoin and Ethereum via a single, privacy-ready execution layer.
“S-two makes the network more secure at scale and more efficient in every way for everyday hardware,” Ben-Sasson added. “It enables a leap in what Starknet does today, and will be a major piece in the acceleration of Bitcoin DeFi tomorrow.”
© 2025 The Block. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.
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